NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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Prepare for the NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Test. Study with flashcards and multiple choice questions, each question has hints and explanations. Get ready for your exam!

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What does Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) include?

  1. Reduction in risk and the incidence rate of the outcome

  2. Number of patients needed to treat to benefit one patient

  3. Odds of unfavorable events in a case control study

  4. Hazard rate in treatment group compared to control group

The correct answer is: Reduction in risk and the incidence rate of the outcome

ARR includes both the reduction in risk and the decrease in incidence rate of the outcome. This means that not only is there a reduced likelihood of the outcome occurring, but also a decrease in the frequency of the outcome. Option B is incorrect because it describes Number Needed to Treat (NNT), which is the number of patients that need to be treated in order for one patient to benefit from the treatment. This is not the same as ARR. Option C is incorrect because it describes odds, which is the likelihood of an event occurring compared to the likelihood of it not occurring. This is typically used in case-control studies, but it is not a component of ARR. Option D is incorrect because it describes the hazard rate, which is the rate of occurrence of an event over a specified period of time. This is different from the incidence rate, which is used in ARR.