NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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What is the major side effect of loop diuretics?

Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypokalemia

The correct answer is: Hypokalemia

Loop diuretics are a type of medication commonly used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure and fluid retention. They work by increasing the amount of urine produced by the kidneys, which helps to remove excess salt and water from the body. However, as a side effect of this process, loop diuretics can lower the levels of certain electrolytes in the body, including potassium. This is known as hypokalemia, and it can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, and irregular heartbeat. While the other options listed (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia) are also potential side effects of loop diuretics, they are not the major side effect. Additionally, it is important for individuals taking loop diuretics to have their electrolyte levels regularly monitored by their healthcare provider.